In which layer of the OSI Model would you find protocols like HTTP and FTP?

Protocols like HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) operate at the Application Layer of the OSI Model. This layer is responsible for providing network services to end-user applications and serves as the interface between the application software and the underlying network.

The Application Layer provides protocols that allow software applications to communicate with each other over a network. For example, HTTP is used for transmitting web pages, while FTP is used for transferring files.

In contrast, the other layers mentioned serve different roles within the networking architecture. The Network Layer is focused on the routing and forwarding of packets, the Transport Layer manages end-to-end communication and data flow control, and the Data Link Layer deals with node-to-node data transfer and error detection directly over a physical link. Each layer has its own specific functions, but the Application Layer is uniquely positioned to handle user-oriented protocols like HTTP and FTP that facilitate direct interaction with network resources.